OCTOBER 2025

Written By Ann Sancez

Breeding or Bleeding? The Hidden Cost of Puppy Farms in the UK

As dog lovers, we cherish the sheer joy they bring us. The wagging tails, soulful eyes, and the unconditional love our four-legged companions bring into our lives. But behind the scenes, a troubling reality is unfolding—one that threatens the very animals we hold dear.

Do We Really Need More Dog Breeding Establishments?

In a recent case, a family-run dog breeding business was denied planning permission to build a kennel block in a residential garden. Despite having proposed noise control, waste management, and security measures, the application was rejected due to concerns over noise and smell.

But this raises a deeper, more pressing question: What about the welfare of the dogs themselves? If a small, seemingly responsible breeder is turned away, what’s happening behind the closed doors of already established large-scale breeding facilities? Are they being inspected? Are the dogs safe, healthy, and loved? The harsh truth is, many are not. Living in cramped kennels or cold, concrete sheds, with minimal human interaction, these dogs endure lives of isolation and neglect.

The Dark Side of Unregulated Breeding

While responsible breeders are being pushed out by red tape and rising costs, puppy farmers and rogue sellers are thriving. These unscrupulous operators exploit loopholes, using platforms like WhatsApp and social media to sell puppies with little to no oversight. With over 45 million WhatsApp users in the EU alone, it’s a breeding ground—literally—for illegal and unethical animal sales.

Image from Whatsapp seller

A Step in the Right Direction?: New UK Dog Breeding Laws Proposed

Thankfully, change is coming. As part of the 2025 campaign to promote responsible breeding and reduce animal cruelty, the UK government plans to introduce tighter regulations:

  • Lower Licensing Threshold: Anyone breeding more than one litter per year must now apply for a license (previously three).

  • Maximum Litters Rule: A female dog can only be bred three times in her lifetime.

  • Mandatory Health Screening: All breeding dogs must undergo certified health and genetic testing.

  • Microchipping at Birth: Puppies must be microchipped and registered before leaving the breeder.

  • Stricter Inspections: Local authorities can now conduct unannounced inspections and enforce violations.

  • Ban on Third-Party Sales: Puppies must be sold directly to their new families, cutting out the middlemen/dealers

These changes are not just about rules—they’re about respecting the lives of animals and ensuring every dog has a chance at a safe, loving home.

The RSPCA’s Call to Action

The RSPCA has praised Carmarthenshire Council for leading the way in cracking down on unethical breeding practices. The council has reportedly taken more legal action against rogue breeders than any other in the UK. Now, the RSPCA is calling for a nationwide review to ensure consistent enforcement across all regions.

As part of their annual ‘Adoptober’ campaign, the RSPCA is also highlighting the heart-breaking number of long-stay rescue dogs still waiting for their forever homes. These dogs aren’t broken—they’re just overlooked.

The Unintended Consequence

While the new laws are a step forward, they’ve also had an unintended effect: ethical, small-scale breeders are being driven away. The cost and complexity of licensing are discouraging those who genuinely care for their animals. Meanwhile, the black market thrives.

What Can You Do?

  • Adopt, don’t shop: Give a rescue dog a second chance.

  • Report suspicious breeders: If something feels off, it probably is. If a rescue isn’t an option and you plan to buy a puppy, visit the pup with the mum in the place they were born and watch how they interact. 

  • Support responsible breeders: Those who prioritise health, welfare, and transparency.

  • Raise awareness: Share stories, support campaigns, and speak up for those who can’t.

Ann Sancez
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September 2025